For anyone interested in history, culture, and Islamic art and architecture in particular, the Silk Road cities of Bukhara and Samarkand in Uzbekistan are an essential part of a visit to the region.
The Land of the Great Steppe
Kazakhstan, the largest country in Central Asia, is a land of vast steppes, modern cities, and rich history.
- Astana (Nur-Sultan): Marvel at the futuristic architecture of the capital city, including the iconic Bayterek Tower and the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation. The city is a blend of modernity and tradition, with numerous parks and museums to explore.
- Almaty: Explore the cultural hub of Kazakhstan, with its vibrant markets, museums, and the stunning backdrop of the Tian Shan mountains. Don't miss the Medeu ice skating rink and the Shymbulak ski resort for some winter fun.
- Charyn Canyon: Often compared to the Grand Canyon, this natural wonder offers breathtaking views and hiking opportunities. The canyon's unique rock formations and colours make it a photographer's paradise.
- Cultural Experiences: Attend a traditional Kazakh eagle hunting demonstration or visit a yurt camp to experience the nomadic lifestyle. The National Museum of Kazakhstan in Astana offers insights into the country's rich history and culture.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Kazakhstan is from May to September when the weather is warm and ideal for outdoor activities.
The Switzerland of Central Asia
Kyrgyzstan is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers, with its towering peaks and pristine lakes.
- Bishkek: Start your journey in the capital, known for its Soviet-era architecture and bustling bazaars. Ala-Too Square and the State Historical Museum are must-see attractions.
- Issyk-Kul Lake: One of the largest alpine lakes in the world, perfect for swimming, boating, and relaxing on the beach. The surrounding mountains provide a stunning backdrop for water sports and hiking.
- Trekking in the Tien Shan Mountains: Embark on unforgettable treks through lush valleys and rugged mountains. Popular routes include the Ala Archa National Park and the Jyrgalan Valley.
- Cultural Experiences: Participate in a traditional yurt stay, where you can learn about Kyrgyz customs, enjoy local cuisine, and witness traditional music and dance performances. The World Nomad Games, held every two years, showcase traditional sports and culture.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Kyrgyzstan is from June to September when the weather is warm and the mountain passes are accessible.
The Jewel of the Silk Road
Uzbekistan is home to some of the most well-preserved Silk Road cities, offering a glimpse into the region's rich history.
- Samarkand: Visit the stunning Registan Square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, and the majestic Bibi-Khanym Mosque. The city's blue-tiled mosques and mausoleums are a testament to its glorious past.
- Bukhara: Wander through the ancient streets of this UNESCO World Heritage site, with its beautiful madrasahs, mosques, and minarets. The Ark Fortress and the Kalyan Minaret are highlights not to be missed.
- Khiva: Step back in time in this open-air museum city, with its well-preserved Itchan Kala fortress. The city's narrow alleys and historic buildings create a magical atmosphere.
- Cultural Experiences: Enjoy a traditional Uzbek plov (pilaf) cooking class, visit local bazaars to shop for silk and ceramics, and attend a performance of traditional music and dance at the Lyabi-Hauz complex in Bukhara.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Uzbekistan is from April to June and September to November when the weather is mild and pleasant.
The Roof of the World
Tajikistan is a land of dramatic landscapes, from soaring mountains to deep valleys, perfect for those seeking adventure.
- Dushanbe: Explore the capital's museums, parks, and vibrant markets. Rudaki Park and the National Museum of Tajikistan are great places to start.
- Pamir Highway: One of the world's most scenic drives, offering breathtaking views of the Pamir Mountains. The route is popular among cyclists and adventure travellers.
- Fann Mountains: Ideal for trekking and mountaineering, with stunning lakes and peaks. The Seven Lakes and Iskanderkul Lake are popular destinations for hikers.
- Cultural Experiences: Visit traditional Pamiri homes to learn about the unique culture and hospitality of the Pamir people. Attend local festivals to experience traditional music, dance, and crafts.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Tajikistan is from June to September when the weather is warm and the mountain passes are open.
The Mysterious Desert Kingdom
Turkmenistan is known for its unique culture, ancient ruins, and vast deserts.
- Ashgabat: Discover the marble-clad capital, with its grand monuments and modern architecture. The city is known for its opulent buildings and the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque.
- Darvaza Gas Crater: Also known as the "Door to Hell," this fiery crater in the Karakum Desert is a must-see. The crater has been burning for decades and creates a surreal night-time spectacle.
- Ancient Merv: Explore the ruins of one of the oldest and most significant cities on the Silk Road. The site includes impressive remains of ancient fortresses and mausoleums.
- Cultural Experiences: Visit a traditional Turkmen carpet workshop to see the intricate process of carpet weaving. Experience the vibrant atmosphere of the Tolkuchka Bazaar, where you can find everything from camels to carpets.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Turkmenistan is from March to May and September to November when the temperatures are moderate.
Arrival: Tashkent & Samarkand
Day 1: Welcome to Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Your adventure begins in Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital. Once you’ve settled into your hotel, dive into the city’s highlights with a visit to the Khast Imam Complex, home to one of the world’s oldest Qur’ans. Stroll through the bustling Chorsu Bazaar and take in the sights of Independence Square before a relaxing evening.
Day 2: The Journey to Samarkand
Hop on a high-speed train to Samarkand, a city steeped in Silk Road legend. Spend the day marvelling at the magnificent Registan Square, the sacred Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, and the intricate Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum. You’ll quickly see why Samarkand is one of Central Asia’s crown jewels.
Day 3: Samarkand’s Treasures
Today is all about soaking up more of Samarkand’s magic. Visit the iconic Bibi-Khanym Mosque and learn about medieval astronomy at the Ulugh Beg Observatory. Later, lose yourself in the bustling local markets or unwind over a cup of green tea.
Bukhara & Kiva
Day 4: Onwards to Bukhara
After a scenic morning train ride, arrive in Bukhara, one of the most atmospheric cities on the Silk Road. Start exploring the old town, where you’ll discover gems like the Lyabi-Hauz Square, the towering Kalyan Minaret, and the ancient Ark of Bukhara.
Day 5: History Comes Alive in Bukhara
Bukhara’s rich history takes centre stage today. Visit the elegant Samanid Mausoleum, the quirky Chor Minor, and the city’s lively bazaars. As the sun sets, enjoy a traditional dinner and performance in a centuries-old madrasa—a truly unforgettable experience.
Day 6: Crossing the Desert to Khiva
Today, you’ll embark on a long but fascinating journey across the Kyzylkum Desert to Khiva. Upon arrival, stretch your legs with an evening stroll through Itchan Kala, Khiva’s beautifully preserved old town.
Day 7: Exploring Khiva’s Timeless Charm
Step back in time as you wander through Khiva’s cobbled streets. Highlights include the Kunya-Ark Citadel, the eye-catching Kalta Minor Minaret, and the ornate Tash Khauli Palace. In the evening, fly back to Tashkent, ready for the next leg of your journey.
Kyrgyzstan
Day 8: Off to Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Say goodbye to Uzbekistan and hello to Kyrgyzstan! After a short flight to Bishkek, explore the capital city. Visit Ala-Too Square, shop at the colourful Osh Bazaar, and enjoy a laid-back introduction to Kyrgyz hospitality.
Day 9: Serenity at Issyk-Kul Lake
Leave the city behind and head to Issyk-Kul Lake, the “Pearl of Central Asia.” Surrounded by snow-capped mountains, this massive alpine lake is the perfect place to unwind. Visit ancient petroglyphs near Cholpon-Ata before enjoying a tranquil evening by the water.
Day 10: The Road to Karakol
A scenic drive takes you to Karakol, a charming town with a fascinating mix of cultures. Visit the Dungan Mosque, made entirely of wood without a single nail, and the brightly coloured Russian Orthodox Church. Karakol’s laid-back vibe is sure to win you over.
Kazakhstan: Almaty & Charyn Canyon
Day 11: Crossing Into Kazakhstan
Today, cross the border into Kazakhstan and make your way to Almaty, the country’s largest city. After a long day of travel, unwind with a leisurely evening exploring the city’s lively streets and cosy cafés.
Day 12: Discovering Almaty
Almaty offers the perfect blend of urban sophistication and natural beauty. Spend the day visiting landmarks like the Zenkov Cathedral, the Green Bazaar, and Kok Tobe Hill for panoramic views. In the afternoon, venture out to the stunning Big Almaty Lake for a taste of Kazakhstan’s wilderness.
Day 13: Charyn Canyon Adventure
Prepare to be amazed on a full-day trip to Charyn Canyon. Often called the “Grand Canyon of Central Asia,” its towering red rock formations are breathtaking. Take a hike through the Valley of Castles and enjoy a picnic amidst this geological wonder.
Day 14: Farewell to Central Asia
Your incredible journey comes to an end. Spend your final morning in Almaty picking up souvenirs or enjoying one last Kazakh meal before heading to the airport for your departure.
Go! Central Asia is an up-and-coming destination and will soon be on the radar of mainstream tourism. Now is the time to visit, before the crowds.
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Food is a highlight of any visit to Central Asia - whether it's browsing the markets for spices, enjoying a glass of Chai with your hosts, or savouring Shashlyk, there are experiences to be had for everyone!
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